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ASTM D5381-93(2014)

Historical Reaffirmation

Standard Guide for X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy of Pigments and Extenders

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1.1 This guide covers the general considerations for proper use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Because many differences exist between XRF instruments, no detailed operating instructions are provided. The analyst should follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for his instrument.

1.2 The analyst is encouraged to consult the chemical literature, various trade journals, pigment supplier publications, etc., as well as the instrument manuals from the manufacturer.

1.3 XRF is commonly employed to determine the elements present in inorganic pigments and extenders, often in concert with other analysis techniques. Organic pigments cannot normally be identified solely by XRF. On occasion, organic pigments contain heavier elements that can distinguish between major classes of these pigments or may serve to distinguish one of the two distinct pigments. However, the analyst should be wary of a qualitative pigment identification solely by XRF technique.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information see Section 3 on Radiation Concerns.


5.1 The identification of pigments in a sample of liquid paint or paint film is often important for regulatory purposes. Many inorganic pigments or extenders utilized in past paint formulation are now regulated by federal, state, or municipal health authorities. XRF is one of the more common and convenient methods employed to characterize the pigment composition of a paint formulation.

5.2 XRF techniques, in general, do not provide the ability to identify the chemical nature of organic pigments. There are instances where XRF techniques, used in tandem with other analytical methods, such as solid state Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C-13 NMR), can identify the organic pigments utilized in coatings. However, XRF provides only an elemental sketch of the inorganic pigmentation. The chemical composition of the pigments is inferred by the analyst from the samples, color, elemental information, and common sense. Small impurities are often found in pigments, so the relative XRF intensities also serve to guide the analyst in proposing the probable pigment present.

SDO ASTM: ASTM International
Document Number D5381
Publication Date July 1, 2014
Language en - English
Page Count 2
Revision Level 93(2014)
Supercedes
Committee D01.21
Publish Date Document Id Type View
Feb. 1, 2021 D5381-93R21 Reaffirmation
July 1, 2014 D5381-93R14 Reaffirmation
Feb. 1, 2009 D5381-93R09 Reaffirmation
Dec. 1, 2003 D5381-93R03 Reaffirmation
Jan. 1, 1993 D5381-93R98 Reaffirmation