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ASTM D5293-14

Historical Revision

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between –10 °C and –35 °C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator

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1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils and base stocks by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between –5 °C and –35 °C at shear stresses of approximately 50 000 Pa to 100 000 Pa and shear rates of approximately 105 to 104 s–1 for viscosities of approximately 900 mPa·s to 25 000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. Apparent Cranking Viscosity results by this method are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils.

1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement of highly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments. See Appendix X2.

1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the cold-cranking simulator.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.


5.1 The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oils correlates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS apparent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flow to the engine oil pump and oil distribution system. Engine cranking data were measured by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) L-495 test with reference oils that had viscosities between 600 mPa·s and 8400 mPa·s (cP) at –17.8 °C and between 2000 mPa·s and 20 000 mPa·s (cP) at –28.9 °C. The detailed relationship between this engine cranking data and CCS apparent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the 1967 T edition of Test Method D26026 and CRC Report 409.5 Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standardized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need not accurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in a specific engine. However, the correlation of CCS apparent viscosity with average CRC L-49 engine cranking results is satisfactory.

5.2 The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosity and engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between –1 °C and –40 °C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAE grades 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineral oil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621.7

5.3 A correlation was established in a low temperature engine performance study between light duty engine startability and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten 1990s engines at temperatures ranging from –5 °C down to –40 °C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W).8

5.4 The measurement of the cranking viscosity of base stocks is typically done to determine their suitability for use in engine oil formulations. A significant number of the calibration oils for this method are base stocks that could be used in engine oil formulations.

SDO ASTM: ASTM International
Document Number D5293
Publication Date May 1, 2014
Language en - English
Page Count 10
Revision Level 14
Supercedes
Committee D02.07
Publish Date Document Id Type View
June 1, 2020 D5293-20 Revision
Oct. 1, 2017 D5293-17A Revision
July 1, 2017 D5293-17E01 Revision
July 1, 2017 D5293-17 Revision
April 1, 2015 D5293-15 Revision
May 1, 2014 D5293-14 Revision
May 1, 2010 D5293-10E01 Revision
May 1, 2010 D5293-10 Revision
Oct. 1, 2009 D5293-09 Revision
Oct. 15, 2008 D5293-08E01 Revision
Oct. 15, 2008 D5293-08 Revision
May 1, 2004 D5293-04 Revision
Nov. 10, 2002 D5293-02 Revision
Nov. 10, 1999 D5293-99AE01 Revision