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ASTM D5293-04

Historical Revision

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between –10 °C and –35 °C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator

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1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between -5 and -35°C at shear stresses of approximately 50 000 to 100 000 Pa and shear rates of approximately 105 to 104 s-1 and viscosities of approximately 500 to 25 000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. These results are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils.

1.2 A special procedure is provided in Annex A1 for highly viscoelastic oils.

1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the cold-cranking simulator.

1.4 A special manual procedure is provided in Annex A1 for highly viscoelastic oils.

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and Section 8.


The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oils correlates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS apparent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flow to the engine oil pump and oil distribution system. Engine cranking data were measured by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) L-494 test with reference oils that had viscosities between 600 and 8400 mPa·s (cP) at 17.8°C and between 2000 and 20 000 mPa·s (cP) at 28.9°C. The detailed relation between this engine cranking data and CCS apparent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the 1967 T edition of Test Method D 26025 and CRC Report 409.4 Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standardized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need not accurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in a specific engine. However, the correlation of CCS apparent viscosity with average L-49 engine cranking results is satisfactory.

The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosity and engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between 1 and 40°C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAE grades 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineral oil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621.6

A correlation was established in a low temperature engine performance study between light duty engine startability and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten 1990’engines at temperatures ranging from 5 down to 40°C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W).7

SDO ASTM: ASTM International
Document Number D5293
Publication Date May 1, 2004
Language en - English
Page Count 9
Revision Level 04
Supercedes
Committee D02.07
Publish Date Document Id Type View
June 1, 2020 D5293-20 Revision
Oct. 1, 2017 D5293-17A Revision
July 1, 2017 D5293-17E01 Revision
July 1, 2017 D5293-17 Revision
April 1, 2015 D5293-15 Revision
May 1, 2014 D5293-14 Revision
May 1, 2010 D5293-10E01 Revision
May 1, 2010 D5293-10 Revision
Oct. 1, 2009 D5293-09 Revision
Oct. 15, 2008 D5293-08E01 Revision
Oct. 15, 2008 D5293-08 Revision
May 1, 2004 D5293-04 Revision
Nov. 10, 2002 D5293-02 Revision
Nov. 10, 1999 D5293-99AE01 Revision