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ASTM D4686-91(2003)

Current Revision

Standard Guide for Identification and Transformation of Frequency Distributions (Withdrawn 2009)

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1.1 This guide gives the rudiments of identification of some of the most common and useful frequency distributions. It does not give rigorous identification. To achieve exactitude, the procedures similar to those given by Shapiro should be used.

1.2 This guide provides a key to identify frequency distributions.

1.3 This guide gives ways to select the proper transformation to use to transform a particular set of data to one which can be modeled by the normal distribution, if such a transformation can be found at all.

1.4 This guide includes the following topics:

Topic TitleSection
Scope
Referenced Documents
Terminology
Significance and Use
Key to Distributions
Binomial Frequency Distribution
Poisson Frequency Distribution
Normal Frequency Distribution
Sample Average Distribution
Other Distributions
Transformations of Data

In measuring, testing, and experimenting, statistical tests are made to determine whether the observed effect of the introduction of a factor is real or simply due to chance. The appropriate statistical test to use depends on the kind of distribution used to model the data. Distribution identification is useful in selecting the most powerful statistical test.

Note 2—There are statistical tests which can be used for data for which a parametric distribution cannot be selected. But these non-parametric tests do not discriminate as well as the distribution-dependent tests.

For certain types of data, a transformation can be made which will make it possible to use the hypothesis that the normal distribution is a suitable model for the transformed data. When this hypothesis can be made, the analysis of the data is made much easier.

SDO ASTM: ASTM International
Document Number D4686
Publication Date July 15, 1991
Language en - English
Page Count 4
Revision Level 91(2003)
Supercedes
Committee D13.93
Publish Date Document Id Type View
July 15, 1991 D4686-91R03 Revision
March 10, 1998 D4686-91R98 Reaffirmation